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A reduction reaction involves what?

  1. The addition of oxygen

  2. The removal of hydrogen

  3. The addition of hydrogen or the removal of oxygen

  4. The removal of nitrogen

The correct answer is: The addition of hydrogen or the removal of oxygen

A reduction reaction involves either the addition of hydrogen or the removal of oxygen. This is because in a reduction reaction, an atom or molecule gains electrons, which leads to a decrease in its oxidation state. In contrast, the incorrect options A, B, and D involve processes that would result in an increase in oxidation state, which is opposite of what occurs in a reduction reaction. Therefore, A, B, and D are not correct choices for what a reduction reaction involves.